Diagnostic Dashboard

High-resolution IFS-coupled models demonstrate exceptional global fidelity and successfully resolve CMIP6-era topographic and coastal upwelling biases, whereas the ICON model is compromised by severe, systemic circulation and radiative errors, though all models persistently struggle with parameterized convection and marine stratocumulus clouds.

DestinE high-resolution models significantly narrow the inter-model spread of CMIP6 and reverse long-standing shortwave radiation biases, but they introduce an overly active hydrological cycle and systematic cold biases driven by an overly reflective planetary albedo.

High-resolution (~5 km) DestinE models demonstrate marked improvements in downward surface shortwave radiation over the CMIP6 multi-model mean, though they continue to exhibit overly active hydrological cycles and distinct systemic biases, with IFS-FESOM outperforming ICON in representing the baseline climate state.

The high-resolution DestinE models successfully correct the CMIP6 global Earth Energy Imbalance bias and reverse Southern Ocean shortwave errors, yet heavily rely on spatial error compensation to mask persistent structural biases in marine stratocumulus and surface longwave cooling.